Vector Symbolic Algebras for the Abstraction and Reasoning Corpus

arXiv preprint, 2025

Isaac Joffe, Chris Eliasmith

Abstract

The Abstraction and Reasoning Corpus for Artificial General Intelligence (ARC-AGI) is a generative, few-shot fluid intelligence benchmark. Although humans effortlessly solve ARC-AGI, it remains extremely difficult for even the most advanced artificial intelligence systems. Inspired by methods for modelling human intelligence spanning neuroscience to psychology, we propose a cognitively plausible ARC-AGI solver. Our solver integrates System 1 intuitions with System 2 reasoning in an efficient and interpretable process using neurosymbolic methods based on Vector Symbolic Algebras (VSAs). Our solver works by object-centric program synthesis, leveraging VSAs to represent abstract objects, guide solution search, and enable sample-efficient neural learning. Preliminary results indicate success, with our solver scoring 10.8 percent on ARC-AGI-1-Train and 3.0 percent on ARC-AGI-1-Eval. Additionally, our solver performs well on simpler benchmarks, scoring 94.5 percent on Sort-of-ARC and 83.1 percent on 1D-ARC – the latter outperforming GPT-4 at a tiny fraction of the computational cost. Importantly, our approach is unique; we believe we are the first to apply VSAs to ARC-AGI and have developed the most cognitively plausible ARC-AGI solver yet. Our code is available at: this https URL.

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arXiv preprint
Arxiv
2511.08747

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